Vuex4源码解析
Vuex是在Vue中常用的状态管理库,在Vue3发布后,这个状态管理库也随之发出了适配Vue3的Vuex4
快速过Vuex3.x原理
为什么每个组件都可以通过this.$store
访问到store数据?
在beforeCreate时,通过mixin的方式注入了store
为什么Vuex中的数据都是响应式的
创建store的时候调用的是new Vue
,创建了一个Vue实例,相当于借用了Vue的响应式。
mapXxxx是怎么获取到store中的数据和方法的
mapXxxx只是一个语法糖,底层实现也是从$store中获取然后返回到computed / methods中。
Vuex4使用
Vue.useStore
在Vue3 Composition API中使用Vuex
import { useStore } from 'vuex' export default { setup ( ) { const store = useStore(); } }
Vuex4原理探究
去除冗余代码看本质
Vuex4是怎么注入Vue的
install
Vuex是以插件的形式在Vue中使用的,在createApp时调用install安装
也就是我们常用的Vue.use函数
插件列表中加入plugin
执行plugin的安装函数
export function createAppAPI <HostElement >( render: RootRenderFunction, hydrate?: RootHydrateFunction ): CreateAppFunction <HostElement > { return function createApp (rootComponent, rootProps = null ) { const app: App = (context.app = { _uid: uid++, _component: rootComponent as ConcreteComponent, _props: rootProps, _container: null , _context: context, version, use (plugin: Plugin, ...options: any [] ) { if (installedPlugins.has(plugin)) { __DEV__ && warn(`Plugin has already been applied to target app.` ) } else if (plugin && isFunction(plugin.install)) { installedPlugins.add(plugin) plugin.install(app, ...options) } else if (isFunction(plugin)) { installedPlugins.add(plugin) plugin(app, ...options) } else if (__DEV__) { warn( `A plugin must either be a function or an object with an "install" ` + `function.` ) } return app }, } }
Store 类的install,两种实现分别为挂载到全局和组件内访问
实现通过inject获取
实现this.$store获取
install (app, injectKey) { app.provide(injectKey || storeKey, this ) app.config.globalProperties.$store = this
Provide / Inject架构示意图
下面接着看provide实现
app.provide实现
每个Vue组件都有一个context上下文对象
对context上下文中的provides对象进行赋值
createAppContext是一个创建App上下文函数
返回体中是一个具有一些常见的Option(mixins、components等)
Vue的插件实现最主要的为其中一项provides,具体实现方式为:
将插件通过key / value的形式挂载到app上下文的provides对象上
inject时,通过存入的key进行取出
provide (key, value ) { if (__DEV__ && (key as string | symbol) in context.provides) { warn( `App already provides property with key "${String (key)} ". ` + `It will be overwritten with the new value.` ) } context.provides[key as string ] = value return app } const context = createAppContext()export function createAppContext ( ): AppContext { return { app: null as any , config: { isNativeTag: NO, performance: false , globalProperties: {}, optionMergeStrategies: {}, errorHandler: undefined , warnHandler: undefined , compilerOptions: {} }, mixins: [], components: {}, directives: {}, provides: Object .create(null ) } }
useStore的实现
function useStore (key = null ) { return inject(key !== null ? key : storeKey) }
Vue.provide
Vue的provide API也比较简单,相当于直接通过key/value赋值
当前实例provides和父级实例provides相同时,通过原型链建立连接
function provide <T >(key: InjectionKey<T> | string | number , value: T ) { if (!currentInstance) { if (__DEV__) { warn(`provide() can only be used inside setup().` ) } } else { let provides = currentInstance.provides const parentProvides = currentInstance.parent && currentInstance.parent.provides if (parentProvides === provides) { provides = currentInstance.provides = Object .create(parentProvides) } provides[key as string ] = value } }
Vue.inject
通过provide时存入的key取出store
有父级实例则取父级实例的provides,没有则取根实例的provides
function inject ( key: InjectionKey<any > | string , defaultValue?: unknown, treatDefaultAsFactory = false ) { const instance = currentInstance || currentRenderingInstance if (instance) { const provides = instance.parent == null ? instance.vnode.appContext && instance.vnode.appContext.provides : instance.parent.provides if (provides && (key as string | symbol) in provides) { return provides[key as string ] } } }
注入
为什么每个组件实例都有Store对象了?
在创建组件实例的时候注入了provides
优先注入父级provides
兜底为注入app上下文的provides
function createComponentInstance (vnode, parent, suspense ) { const type = vnode.type; const appContext = (parent ? parent.appContext : vnode.appContext) || emptyAppContext; const instance = { parent, appContext, provides: parent ? parent.provides : Object .create(appContext.provides), } return instance; }
可从vue中引入provide、inject、getCurrentInstance等API进行库开发 / 高阶用法,这里不过多赘述。
Vuex4执行机制
createStore
从createStore开始看起
可以发现Vuex4中的state是通过reactive API去创建的响应式数据,Vuex3中是通过new Vue实例
dispatch、commit的实现基本是封装了一层执行,底层也是通过store去执行,不用过于关心
而Vuex4的响应式实现,同样是借用了Vue3的响应式API reactive
export function createStore (options ) { return new Store(options) } class Store { constructor (options = {} ){ this ._committing = false this ._actions = Object .create(null ) this ._actionSubscribers = [] this ._mutations = Object .create(null ) this ._wrappedGetters = Object .create(null ) this ._modules = new ModuleCollection(options) this ._modulesNamespaceMap = Object .create(null ) this ._subscribers = [] this ._makeLocalGettersCache = Object .create(null ) const store = this const { dispatch, commit } = this this .dispatch = function boundDispatch (type , payload ) { return dispatch.call(store, type , payload) } this .commit = function boundCommit (type , payload, options ) { return commit.call(store, type , payload, options) } const state = this ._modules.root.state installModule(this , state, [], this ._modules.root); resetStoreState(this , state) } } function resetStoreState (store, state, hot ) { store._state = reactive({ data: state }) }
installModule
installModule主要为按序初始化各模块,主要功能代码已高亮
Mutation
Action
Getter
Child(install)
function installModule (store, rootState, path, module , hot ) { const isRoot = !path.length const namespace = store._modules.getNamespace(path) // register in namespace map if (module.namespaced) { if (store._modulesNamespaceMap[namespace ] && __DEV__) { console .error(`[vuex] duplicate namespace ${namespace } for the namespaced module ${path.join('/' )} ` ) } store._modulesNamespaceMap[namespace ] = module } // set state if (!isRoot && !hot) { const parentState = getNestedState(rootState, path.slice(0 , -1 )) const moduleName = path[path.length - 1 ] store._withCommit(() => { if (__DEV__) { if (moduleName in parentState) { console .warn( `[vuex] state field "${moduleName} " was overridden by a module with the same name at "${path.join('.' )} "` ) } } parentState[moduleName] = module .state }) } const local = module .context = makeLocalContext(store, namespace , path) module.forEachMutation((mutation, key) => { const namespacedType = namespace + key registerMutation(store, namespacedType, mutation, local) }) module.forEachAction((action, key) => { const type = action.root ? key : namespace + key const handler = action.handler || action registerAction(store, type, handler, local) }) module.forEachGetter((getter, key) => { const namespacedType = namespace + key registerGetter(store, namespacedType, getter, local) }) module.forEachChild((child, key) => { installModule(store, rootState, path.concat(key), child, hot) }) }
订阅机制
看完了Vuex4是如何安装和注入的,最后来看看Vuex的订阅机制是如何实现的
和订阅机制有关的方法主要有
订阅:subscribe、subscribeAction,分别用于订阅Mutation和Action
执行:commit、dispatch,分别用于执行
数据项有:_actionSubscribers、_subscribers
subscribe
订阅 store 的 mutation。handler
会在每个 mutation 完成后调用,接收 mutation 和经过 mutation 后的状态作为参数
所有的订阅callback都会被放入this._subscribers
,可通过prepend选项选择放入队头 / 队尾。
将callback推入订阅数组
返回一个取消订阅的函数
store.subscribe((action, state ) => { console .log(action.type) console .log(action.payload) }, { prepend : true }) subscribe (fn, options) { return genericSubscribe(fn, this ._subscribers, options) } function genericSubscribe (fn, subs, options ) { if (subs.indexOf(fn) < 0 ) { options && options.prepend ? subs.unshift(fn) : subs.push(fn) } return () => { const i = subs.indexOf(fn) if (i > -1 ) { subs.splice(i, 1 ) } } }
接着看看commit执行时如何触发这些订阅的callback
执行需commit的函数
依次执行this._subscribers
中的订阅callback
commit (_type, _payload, _options) { const { type , payload, options } = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload, _options) const mutation = { type , payload } const entry = this ._mutations[type ] this ._withCommit(() => { entry.forEach(function commitIterator (handler ) { handler(payload) }) })x this ._subscribers .slice() .forEach(sub => sub(mutation, this .state)) }
subscribeAction
订阅 store 的 action。handler
会在每个 action 分发的时候调用并接收 action 描述和当前的 store 的 state 这两个参数
可订阅:执行前、执行后和错误
将订阅对象推入this._actionSubscribers
返回一个取消订阅函数
store.subscribeAction({ before: (action, state ) => { console .log(`before action ${action.type } ` ) }, after: (action, state ) => { console .log(`after action ${action.type } ` ) }, error: (action, state, error ) => { console .log(`error action ${action.type } ` ) console .error(error) } }, { prepend : true }) subscribeAction (fn, options) { const subs = typeof fn === 'function' ? { before : fn } : fn return genericSubscribe(subs, this ._actionSubscribers, options) } function genericSubscribe (fn, subs, options ) { if (subs.indexOf(fn) < 0 ) { options && options.prepend ? subs.unshift(fn) : subs.push(fn) } return () => { const i = subs.indexOf(fn) if (i > -1 ) { subs.splice(i, 1 ) } } }
dispatch执行时如何触发这些订阅函数?
dispatch (_type, _payload) { const { type , payload } = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload) const action = { type , payload } const entry = this ._actions[type ] if (!entry) { if (__DEV__) { console .error(`[vuex] unknown action type: ${type } ` ) } return } try { this ._actionSubscribers .slice() .filter(sub => sub.before) .forEach(sub => sub.before(action, this .state)) } catch (e) { if (__DEV__) { console .warn(`[vuex] error in before action subscribers: ` ) console .error(e) } } const result = entry.length > 1 ? Promise .all(entry.map(handler => handler(payload))) : entry[0 ](payload) return new Promise ((resolve, reject ) => { result.then(res => { try { this ._actionSubscribers .filter(sub => sub.after) .forEach(sub => sub.after(action, this .state)) } catch (e) { if (__DEV__) { console .warn(`[vuex] error in after action subscribers: ` ) console .error(e) } } resolve(res) }, error => { try { this ._actionSubscribers .filter(sub => sub.error) .forEach(sub => sub.error(action, this .state, error)) } catch (e) { if (__DEV__) { console .warn(`[vuex] error in error action subscribers: ` ) console .error(e) } } reject(error) }) }) }
一句话总结
Vuex3 -> Vuex4,主要实现方式将mixin注入改为了provides / inject的方式注入。
Provide / Inject 不仅用于Vuex实现,同样可以用于深层组件的数据传递
提示:provide
和 inject
绑定并不是可响应的。这是刻意为之的。然而,如果你传入了一个可监听的对象,那么其对象的 property 还是可响应的。
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知乎:前端LeBron
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